Mechanism of Action

Several possible mechanisms have been proposed:

• Competitive antagonism of catecholamine at peripheral (especially cardiac) adrenergic neuron sites, leading to decreased cardiac output;
• A central effect leading to reduced sympathetic outflow to the periphery; and
• Suppression of renin activity.

Indication

• Hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions.
• Angina Pectoris.
• Heart Failure - for the treatment of stable, symptomatic (NYHA Class II or III) heart failure of ischemic, hypertensive, or cardiomyopathic origin.